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IP Addresses

 

CCNA

 

 

2^7

2^6

2^5

2^4

2^3

2^2

2^1

2^0

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

 

 

2^8          256

2^9          512
2^10        1024

2^11        2048

2^12        4096

2^13        8192

2^14        16384

2^15        32768

 

 

Number of usable hosts 2^N-2 (N=mask bits)

Number of usable networks 2N-2 (N=mask bits) cant use 0 or 1 per RFC 

 

can't use 0, (ip subnet 0)

 

 

 

CCNA

 

2^N-2                     128          64            32            16            8             4             2             1

 

 

Bit Pattern

Masked Bits

2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1

11000000

2 32 16 8 4 2
11100000 3          
11110000

4

         
11111000 5          
11111100

6

         

11111110

7

         
11111111

8

         

Provided Subnets

2

6

14

30

62

126

254

 

Subnet Mask

192

224

240

248

252

254

255

 

 

Class A Hosts

 

Class B Hosts

16382

8190

4094

2046

1022

510

254

 

Class C Hosts

62

30

14

6

2

0

0

 

 

 

Default Subnet Masks

 

Class

A            255.0.0.0                 1-127

B             255.255.0.0             128-191

C             255.255.255.0          192-223

 

 

Where do you draw the line? (Mask)

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111

 

 

 

 

End of CCNA

 

 

 

Decimal/Binary/Hex conversion

 

Binary                    128          64            32            16            8             4             2             1            

 

Hex (0x--)              8             4             2             1             8             4             2             1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A (10)

B (11)

C (12)

D (13)

E (14)

F (15)

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

1000

1001

1010

1011

1100

1101

1110

1111

 

subnet mask bits have to be contiguous

/24 bit = 0 = 0000 0000

128 = 1000 0000

192 = 1100 0000

224 = 1110 0000

/28 bit = 240 = 1111 0000

248 = 1111 1000

/30 bit = 252 = 1111 1100

254 = 1111 1110

/32 bit = 255 = 1111 1111

 

 

 

 

 

 

IP Address

Netmask  /24 bit

Network  Address

Broadcast Address

172.16.7.32

255.255.255.0

172.16.7.0

172.16.7.255

1

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

 

IP Address

Netmask  /30 bit

Network  Address

Broadcast Address

192.124.72.65

255.255.255.252

192.124.72.64

192.124.72.67

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

1

0

0

1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

0

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

 

IP Address

Netmask  /28 bit

Network  Address

Broadcast Address

12.127.79.40

255.255.255.240

12.127.79.32

12.127.79.47

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1

 

2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
               

 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A (10) B (11) C (12) D (13) E (14) F (15)
0000 0001  0010

 0011

0100

0101 0110 0111  1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

 

subnet mask bits have to be contiguous 

/24 bit = 0 = 0000 0000

128 = 1000 0000 192 = 1100 0000 224 = 1110 0000
/28 bit = 240 = 1111 0000 248 = 1111 1000 /30 bit = 252 = 1111 1100 254 = 1111 1110 /32 bit = 255 = 1111 1111

 

Old IP page

Ip Addresses

 

 

 

 

Class

Range

Range

Default Mask

Default # of
Networks

Default # of
Hosts

Private address range

A

1 - 127

0xxx xxxx

0000 0000 - 

0111 1111

 

/8 bit

255.0.0.0

2^7 = 128

= 126

(0 = old Unix broadcast, 127 = loopback testing)

2^24 - 2 =  16,777,214

16,777,214 + network & broadcast

10.0.0.0/8
(255.0.0.0)

B

128 - 191

10xx xxxx

1000 0000 - 

1011 1111

/16 bit

255.255.0.0

2^14 = 16,384

2^16 - 2 =  65,534

65,534 + network & broadcast

172.16.0.0/12 (255.240.0.0)

C

192 - 223

110x xxxx

1100 0000 - 

1101 1111

/24 bit

255.255.255.0

2^21 = 2,097,152

2^8 - 2 =  254

254 + network & broadcast

192.168.0.0/16 (255.255.0.0)

D

224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

Multicast

110x xxxx

1100 0000 - 

1101 1111

 

 

 

 

E

240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

Research

110x xxxx

1100 0000 - 

1101 1111

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Class

Range

Range

Default Mask

Default # of Networks

Default # of Hosts

RFC 1918

A

1.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255

0 reserved

127 reserved

0xxx xxxx

0000 0000 -

0111 1111

/8 bit

255.0.0.0

2^7 = 128

= 126

(0 = old Unix broadcast, 127 = loopback testing)

2^24 - 2 = 16,777,214

16,777,214 + network & broadcast

10.x.x.x

B

128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255

10xx xxxx

1000 0000 -

1011 1111

/16 bit

255.255.0.0

2^14 = 16,384

2^16 - 2 = 65,534

65,534 + network & broadcast

172.16.x.x - 172.31.x.x

C

192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

110x xxxx

1100 0000 -

1101 1111

/24 bit

255.255.255.0

2^21 = 2,097,152

2^8 - 2 = 254

254 + network & broadcast

192.168.x.x

D

224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

Multicast

110x xxxx

1100 0000 -

1101 1111

 

 

 

 

E

240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

Research/Testing/Experimental

110x xxxx

1100 0000 -

1101 1111

 

 

 

 

Ip address "AND" Netmask = Network address

Network/Host

IP Address

172.16.7.32

1

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

Netmask /24 bit

255.255.255.0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Network Address

172.16.7.0

1

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Broadcast Address

172.16.7.255

1

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 

IP Address

192.124.72.65

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

Netmask /30 bit

255.255.255.252

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

Network Address

192.124.72.64

1

1

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Broadcast Address

192.124.72.67

1

1

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

 

IP Address

12.127.79.40

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

Netmask /28 bit

255.255.255.240

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

Network Address

12.127.79.32

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

Broadcast Address

12.127.79.47

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

0

1

1

1

1

 

2^7

2^6

2^5

2^4

2^3

2^2

2^1

2^0

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

 

 

2^8          256

2^9          512
2^10        1024

2^11        2048

2^12        4096

2^13        8192

2^14        16384

2^15        32768

 

 

Number of usable hosts 2^N-2 (N=mask bits)

Number of usable networks 2N-2 (N=mask bits) cant use 0 or 1 per RFC 

 

can't use 0, (ip subnet 0)

 

 

 

CCNA

 

2^N-2                     128          64            32            16            8             4             2             1

 

 

Bit Pattern

11000000

11100000

11110000

11111000

11111100

11111110

11111111

 

Masked Bits

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

 

 

Provided Subnets

2

6

14

30

62

126

254

 

Subnet Mask

192

224

240

248

252

254

255

 

 

Class A Hosts

 

Class B Hosts

16382

8190

4094

2046

1022

510

254

 

Class C Hosts

62

30

14

6

2

0

0

 

 

 

Default Subnet Masks

 

Class

A            255.0.0.0                 1-127

B             255.255.0.0             128-191

C             255.255.255.0          192-223

 

 

Where do you draw the line? (Mask)

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111

 

 

 

 

End of CCNA

 

 

 

Decimal/Binary/Hex conversion

 

Binary                    128          64            32            16            8             4             2             1            

 

Hex (0x--)              8             4             2             1             8             4             2             1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A (10)

B (11)

C (12)

D (13)

E (14)

F (15)

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

1000

1001

1010

1011

1100

1101

1110

1111

 

subnet mask bits have to be contiguous

/24 bit = 0 = 0000 0000

128 = 1000 0000

192 = 1100 0000

224 = 1110 0000

/28 bit = 240 = 1111 0000

248 = 1111 1000

/30 bit = 252 = 1111 1100

254 = 1111 1110

/32 bit = 255 = 1111 1111

 

 

 

Cooper pictures | Oregon Coast Links | Web cams | Josh sports | Recipes

Home                    Past Tournaments | Past Winners | The Highlands | Photos | Links

 8/4/04